Cognitive Load
Limitations on memory and attention can influence students’ ability to learn in our courses. On this page, you'll find information about cognitive limitations, as well as concrete strategies for enhancing your class sessions and course materials without overloading students' cognitive abilities.
Overview
Our memory systems are composed of two primary systems: long-term memory and working memory. Long-term memory is a theoretically unlimited store of connected information and working memory is a short-term, capacity limited store for information currently being used.
Our working memory capacity is limited to approximately 4 things, so we need to tailor our teaching so we don't overload students' ability to take in or manipulate the information we're trying to teaching.
- These limitations on working memory are outlined in this UMN Techniques in Teaching and Learning article
Links to an external site. and this cognitive load video (6 min).
Links to an external site.
- Below are three strategies to avoid cognitive overload, which are also outlined in this UMN Techniques in Teaching and Learning article Links to an external site..
Prioritize what you want students to learn
If working memory has a limited capacity, we must curate the information presented to students, prioritizing the most important concepts, information and skills.
Provide navigation through class
In many cases, although we have curated our content, to our students, the content can still feel like an overwhelming deluge of detail. One way to combat this is to provide navigation to guide students to the main points or skills they are expected to learn.
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Provide navigation to reduce cognitive load (4:05 min video)
Links to an external site.
- Graphic organizers to improve teaching and learning Links to an external site.
- Article on spoken organizational cues (mentioned in video) Download Article on spoken organizational cues (mentioned in video)
- Website usability - Minimize Cognitive Load to Maximize Usability Links to an external site.
- Common Causes of Cognitive Overload Links to an external site.
Provide guidance for consolidation of information
Students don't magically condense vast amounts of information into manageable chunks; they need opportunities and guidance to do so. We recommend providing those opportunities regularly during class time.